When a child strains to follow directions, mixes up words that have similar sounds, or seems distracted in loud setting, parents may question if hearing loss is the problem. But in some cases, the problem might not be with the ears at all: It could be a disorder called auditory processing disorder (APD).
Although hearing loss and Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) frequently present with similar signs, they are distinct conditions that necessitate unique assessments and interventions. In this article, we will explore the key distinctions to help you give your child the support they require.
Understanding Hearing Loss: A Definition.
Impaired auditory function, also called hearing loss, happens when a person’s capacity to perceive sound is decreased, often resulting from issues impacting the outer, middle, or inner ear.
Three key classifications:
- Conductive hearing loss: Occurs due to blockages or damage in the outer or middle ear, including ear infections or accumulation of earwax
- Sensorineural hearing loss: Consists of damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve, often caused by aging, noise exposure, or genetics
- Mixed hearing loss: A mix of conductive and sensorineural types
Physicians usually make a diagnosis via standard hearing assessments like audiograms, otoacoustic emissions, or auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing. If a child has hearing loss, the problem lies in their ability to detect sound in the first place.
What Does Auditory Processing Disorder Mean?
In contrast, APD is not related to hearing problems, but rather a neurological issue that impacts the brain’s ability to process and comprehend auditory information. Children with Auditory Processing Disorder may have normal hearing, but they struggle to decipher and understand the sounds they hear.
It’s often referred to as “perceiving sounds without grasping their meaning.”
Some common challenges include:
- Trouble following multi-step verbal directions
- Struggling to differentiate between similar sounds or words
- Struggling in loud environments (including classrooms or restaurants)
- Misunderstanding jokes, sarcasm, or figurative language
A basic hearing exam may indicate no problems because the ears are functioning normally. In APD, the breakdown occurs after sound is sensed, during processing in the central auditory nervous system.
Differentiating Between Testing and Diagnosis
Audiologists utilize standard auditory assessments to detect hearing impairments by evaluating an individual’s ability to sense sound. Diagnosing APD, however, requires specialized testing that exceeds detecting sound.
Multidisciplinary teams will typically include:
- A hearing specialist to assess how the brain senses sound
- A speech-language pathologist to assess language comprehension and communication
- A psychologist should be consulted to identify any underlying attention or learning disorders that may imitate the symptoms of Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)
Treatment and Support Options
If your child is diagnosed with hearing loss, treatment may include:
- Hearing aids
- Cochlear implants
- Assistive listening devices
- Medical or surgical interventions
Support for Children with APD Diagnosis Typically Includes:
- Speech-language therapy
- Classroom accommodations (e.g., seating changes, written directions)
- Environmental modifications to reduce background noise
- Auditory processing therapy
Some Final Thoughts About Hearing Loss vs. APD
Understanding the difference between hearing loss and auditory processing disorder is essential for getting your child the best support. If your child seems to have a hard time listening but their hearing test is normal, don’t stop there. The real issue might only be identified by more in-depth assessments. Children with the proper diagnosis and personalized treatment approach can succeed academically, in their home environment, and in various other aspects of their lives.
For more information, give us a call.
Sources:.
About Hearing Loss in Children|Hearing Loss in Children|CDC.
Auditory processing disorder (APD)– Symptoms and causes– Mayo Clinic.
Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss: Key Differences.
Understanding the Differences: Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss|Hearing.
Associates of Las Vegas.
Auditory Processing Disorder (for Parents)|Nemours KidsHealth.
